Шығысханның соққысына төзе алмаған теріскей ғұндары заманымыздың 91- ші жылы батысқа ауып кетті. Осы батысқа ауған ғұндар қазақ даласында 200 жылдай тұрақтап, IV ғасырдың соңғы жартысында күшейіп, аландарды бағындырды, осыдан кейін Қаратеңіздің терістігіндегі герман тайпаларын бағындырып, еуропадағы ғұн империясын құра отырып, ‹‹Еуропа халықтарының ұлы қоныс аударуына›› ықпал етті, Рим империясын күйретіп, еуропа тарихының үрдісіне орасан зор өзгеріс әкеліп, Азия мен Еуропаның мәдениетін ұштастырған әлем тарихындағы өшпес ізімен белгілі болды.
Modern historiography regards newsreels both as distinctive products of the culture of the twentieth century and as important historical sources in their own right. Newsreels can significantly extend our knowledge of reality and even contribute to changed perceptions of the nature of history itself. Careful investigation of the contents of newsreels certainly confirms their value as an independent group of historical sources. Such an investigation requires researchers to employ new techniques of analysis yet it promises to throw considerable light on hitherto largely unexplored issues associated with the introduction of the film as a means of public and scientific instruction. It is important to stress that, from the 1930s until the 1990s, the newsreel was the mass medium for most of the people of Kazakhstan and hence provides a unique window through which we can explore the social and cultural changes of the ХХth century. Only now is the true significance of newsreels coming to be appreciated. Until recently they were largely disregarded by historians preoccupied with traditional (written) sources. In reality, examination of newsreels can often reveal more about what was happening in the world of ideas and society than can ever be extracted from printed or written sources. Thus, newsreel examination can reveal the most important ideas of this period.
As a rule the countries possessing the nuclear weapons are trying to keep them and to increase their nuclear potential. Furthermore, at the present time some countries are working on their nuclear program, trying to enter the nuclear states club. Definitely, it is an impressive moment in the world history when sovereign state voluntarily chooses to remove all their nuclear weapons and associated infrastructure. Fortunately, there is example of such actions. Upon achieving independence and receiving all the necessary guarantees of safety from USA and international organizations, Kazakhstan became Non Nuclear Weapons State. It was an unprecedented action and it succeeded due to effective partnership between the USA and Kazakhstan. The success of denuclearization process can be explained by the following factors: President Nursultan Nazarbayev’s steadfast commitment to a policy if denuclearization, U.S. security assurances to Kazakhstan, U.S. technical and financial assistance to Kazakhstan ensured that the country would cooperate in transporting strategic nuclear weapons, the attention of high-level American officials to Kazakhstan was essential to keeping Kazakhstan politically on track towards fulfilling its stated commitment to becoming a NNWS, and by the fact that the U.S. adopted a facilitative diplomatic role in working with Russia and Kazakhstan to overcome the challenges associated with a shortage of information.
Статья посвящена изучению истории узбекского национального танца. Автор, отмечая древние истоки национального узбекского танца, о чем свидетельствуют наскальные рисунки в пещерах Соймалитош, определяет пути развития узбекской хореографии в годы независимости.
Мистический опыт – неотъемлемая часть религиозной практики. Вера в действенность определенных ритуалов и слов является основой большинства теологических учений.
Для татар-мусульман всегда был свойственен религиозный мистицизм, связанный с суфизмом в Исламе. Суфийские тарикаты накшибандия и ясавия инкорпорированные в религиозную жизнь мусульман Волго – Уралья имели большое количество последователей среди татар. Шейхи (или ишаны) этих тарикатов занимали высокое положение в структуре общества, являясь духовными лидерами и моральными авторитетами для рядовых членов. Окутанные ореолом святости они набирали себе мюридов (учеников), наставляя их на пути к пониманию Бога. Часто, их привилегированное положение, становилось объектом зависти, вследствие чего иногда объявлялись сомнительные личности, «претендующие на ишанство» [7, c. 109].
