With the seizure of power by the Bolsheviks in October 1917, a new stage of cultural change began in Russia and on its outskirts. In the article, the author tells about the measures of the Soviet power to improve the system of enlightenment and education, the training of teachers, the opening of the first universities of Kazakhstan in the first years of the existence of Soviet power.Based on the research of Kazakhstan historians, the essence of the creation and development of the new education system, innovations in the cultural sphere, designed to become the pillar of the new government in educating and re-educating the Soviet people, is revealed.The position of the Kazakh intelligentsia to address the issue of the cultural development of the Kazakh people is reviewed, numerical data are presented and a table is drawn up concerning the organization of the educational process and the opening of the first universities in the country.
Keywords: Soviet power, Kazakh intelligentsia, socialist state, innovations, education, cultural revolution, higher education institutions.